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By Roberto Carlos Mirás
30 April 2021
The Dalai Lama fled Tibet after a popular uprising against Chinese troops failed.. Since that time one million two hundred thousand Tibetans, have been victims of genocidal madness. Fifty years have passed and they have settled in the city of Dharamsala, in the State of Himalchal Pradesh, in northern India, a 1800 Altitude meters.
Tibet is a vast territory that occupied more than a third of the territory of the People's Republic of China.. It possessed a large amount of artistic wealth and untapped resources., as well as a great strategic location. A fully medieval society. Five percent of the population were the owners of the land and cattle. There were more than six thousand monasteries, and temples and the number of nuns and monks were ten percent of the population. Only a small amount of monasteries are still standing and the military distributes thousands of red books that have to recite from memory. In Lhasa the number of settlers already surpasses Tibetans who have become second citizens in their land. At the time they were warned by the XIII Dalai Lama which spoke of something that has come true, An invasion. It was the 10 March 1959 When an important uprising arose. The Tibetans gathered around the Norbulingka and the Dalai Lama was invited by two Chinese officials, para que el "Dios-Rey" attended a Chinese opera show that a general of the invading army had decided to put on in the barracks. All the leaders who had been invited had not returned. The Dalai Lama, disguised as a soldier and without glasses, fled accompanied by some of his followers and crossed the snow-capped peaks that serve as the border with India.. When Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong was informed of this, said: "hemos perdido la batalla". Prime Minister Nehru receives them and grants them asylum.
From a strategic point of view, The Snow Country represents a big bet for Beijing, which shamelessly steals uranium, lithium and about two hundred minerals from its subsoil and organizes the hydroelectric potential of the region. State and private companies and all kinds of people land en masse to exploit the land mercilessly and in exchange obtain enormous sums of money.. According to official media: "Los expertos estiman que el valor del subsuelo del Tíbet puede llegar a los 600.000 million yuan, some 60.000 Millions of euros" ¿How many mountains and sacred lakes will contain said subsoil of Tibet? The Asia Watch organization described Tibet in 1990 as an immense laboratory of torture techniques for the Chinese armed forces. Many years of colonization that have served to make the highest country in the world, with two thousand years of history is on the brink of annihilation. Beijing ended up imposing the authority of Panchen Lama, second great dignitary of the Tibetan hierarchy. The first occurred in the 14th century of the Christian era. They never exercised temporal power. At the age of twenty, the Pachen Lama delivers a speech of seventy thousand words to denounce the hunger and abuses that the settlers have committed in Tibet.. This text costs him ten years of torture. In January 1989, on the occasion of a visit to the Tashi Llumpo monastery, the Panchen Lama will declare: "La revolución cultural es la mayor catástrofe de la historia de China y el Tíbet desde hace cinco mil años". Four days later the Panchen Lama dies of a devastating heart attack.. Using traditional methods, the Dalai Lama has managed to locate the current Panchen Lama in the figure of Gendum Choekyl Nyima- in the hands of the Chinese. At six years old he has become the youngest political prisoner on the planet. And they have chosen their own Panchen Lama Gyatsen Norbu who from the first moment has placed him against the Tibetan people.. ¿Where is the freedom?
Archayra Migmar Tsering was born in Tibet and when she was eight years old she had to leave. The communist repression pushed him to leave Lhasa with his father and since the year 1996 lives in Mallorca. "En el Tíbet no podemos estudiar, I made a university cycle at the University of Benares and when talking about teachers in our culture- siempre pensamos que son la manifestación del Buda de la compasión". And when asked about the figure of Dalai Lama: "pienso que tiene dos partes, one policy and another spiritual. Lo que puede pasar es que el próximo sólo tenga la parte espiritual". Tibetans believe in a prophecy that says that Dalai Lama will be Chenrezi's last incarnation (The Buddha of Compassion) It is not known exactly where he was born, But Lobsang Sangay at forty -three years, High and talkative assumed as prime minister the responsibilities of the Tibetan government in exile, The current Dalai Lama, at seventy-seven years old, remains the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people and 20 kilometers from Dharamsala we find a possible successor to the Dalai Lama. According to what they say, he lives almost under house arrest. His name is Ogyen Trinley Dorje and he fled Tibet when he was only fourteen years old.. Dorje is the spiritual leader of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and one of the people who claim the title of 17º karmapa. Aunque se le considera un "topo" Chinese has a serious and studious appearance. And to the journalist's question, Chistine Toomey on the next reincarnation of the Dalai Lama- respond: "El único que puede ser el Dalai Lama es su rencarnación". Now when there are possible traditions- the Tibetan people would be in favor of the tradition and when the Dalai Lama himself is asked about it, usually responds: "Sea una mujer o sea un hombre, lo más importante es que el sucesor sea de una gran calidad".
The Tibetan population in the year 2008 it barely reached six million inhabitants, distributed over a territory of more than 2.200.000 square kilometers and 28 Tibetans immolated themselves due to the repression they are suffering from China. Many monks and nuns have protested by burning themselves in different Chinese provinces.. A study carried out by Amnesty International shows that a 70% of inmates have died due to beatings, to hunger and forced labor. They report a situation, but there is no answer. Security has been rigorously tightened by China- not only within Tibet-, but along the border with Nepal. China says you can visit Tibet, but the reality is different. Thunten Wangchen -director of the House of Tibet in Barcelona-, has witnessed atrocities and deaths for more than fifty years, to see how many have wanted to go to Nepal or India and have stayed on the road. "Caminábamos únicamente por la noche, crossing the paths of the Himalayas and my father carried me on his shoulders, my sister held my hand. Y mi madre fue una de las victimas de los chinos durante aquellos días".
Its people have a predisposition towards mysterious powers and divination and preserve popular beliefs inherited from pre-Buddhist times.. Perhaps belief has been the force with which Takna Jigme Sangpo has had to fight to denounce the barbarism committed against his people.. "Fui condenado por primera vez en 1964, at the age of 31 years and received a sentence of 41 years, por corromper las 'mentes de los niños revolucionarios' and after serving my sentence I was convicted again for putting up posters calling for the independence of Lhasa. in 1972 I protested again and was released at the age of 72 years" In medical matters they talk about medicine, but they have not left their customs and their different rituals. Something sacred. They go to the doctor to get vaccinated against measles or polio and then they go to the monastery and ask the lama for an amulet. Each person has a soul and five deities that accompany them (gowelhanga) While the soul represents the double of each one who dwells in his body or in a nearby tree, Those five companion deities are considered the ancestral gods or personal guardians. And when they faint or suffer a mental disorder, they believe that their soul has gone astray or been kidnapped by demons..
In Dharamsala, the Dalai Lama with the help of his mother, They gave their name to the Tibet Children's Village, the largest children's village in the world. The main institutions of a lost homeland were recreated: the School of Dialectics, the Tipa (Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts), the Opera School and the Order of the Makers of Time and the State Oracles. The Tibetan Institute of Medicine and Astrology was founded. Ancient Ganden Monasteries restored on a modest scale, Sera and Drepung, monasteries that once housed five thousand monks and now do not reach five hundred. In the Tsuglagkhang Temple there is a group of buildings formed by the residence of the Dalai Lama, the Namgyal gompa and a Tibet museum where a tour is taken through information and images of what this town was and has been to this day. Images of Sakyamuni Buddha, monks studying the Sutras- offerings of the devotees, a coming and going of people who want to discover the exile of a people.
¿TO DIE IS TO BE BORN AGAIN? (BOX)
Tibetans believe that certain enlightened monks can choose after their death the exact place where they wish to be born again and who their parents should be so that they can be easily located.. The case of Guese Tamding Gyatso is one of them. "Cuando yo muera mi cuerpo quedará ahí. Lo importante es a donde va la conciencia". In the case of the Pachen Lama, the monks discovered that the spiritual leader had returned to the world reincarnated as the son of a poor and pious couple dedicated to raising yaks.. According to the Buddhists, death is a step, It is just the beginning of another life that will be repeated until reaching nirvana.. Monks gather to recite the root text and the Prajnaparamita mantra (the perfection of wisdom) and after the departure of the body it is cremated in the monastery with the corresponding rites. Sometimes cremations produce supernatural signs such as the appearance of a rainbow, of lights or sparkling particles among the ashes of the saints. And the hope of every good Buddhist is to die before his teacher to be guided by him at the last moment.. Teachers often say, learn to die well and then live better again.
MEDIUMS Y ORACULOS
According to Tibetan mythology, The first inhabitants of Tibet were a monkey (emanation of Avalokistevara) and a devil (emanation of Tara) His half-monkey, half-devil descendants, After numerous reincarnations they took on their current human form.. And throughout the centuries there have been hundreds of oracles throughout the country. Men and women who approached a legendary Snow Country. They transmitted messages that came from other planes. One of the most important oracles is Thubten Ngadup, abbot of Nechung Monastery in Dharamsala. When entering a trance it is no longer he who speaks, but divinity, Dorge Dragden, a terrifying support that has been chosen by divinity to help the Dalai Lama. The medium dresses in elaborate silk brocade clothing and a heavy helmet that can weigh more than forty kilograms.. Accompanied by two assistants, He enters the temple and sits on a throne in the center. The monks then begin the invocation ceremony. Prayers and trumpets are accompanied by the sound of drums…
THE MIND IN BUDDHISM
The mandala is a map of the mind, which reveals the secret of the Buddha's vision of emptiness. "Normalmente -escribe el profesor Óscar Pujol-, we see external things, pero no prestamos atención a la luz interna que ilumina todas nuestras percepciones". We call emptiness that something that is not made up of particular things.. Whoever discovers this emptiness in his own mind, frees himself from pain and achieves Buddhahood. The simplest circle is the empty mandala and must be visualized under meditation. This visualization quiets the mind and directs it towards its own center.: that unthinkable void, where all thoughts come from. "A partir del mandala básico, Other more complex mandalas are built that reflect the structure of the mind and its levels of consciousness.. And it is necessary - points out the teacher -, conocer el simbolismo de las imágenes". A lo que añade "Cuando se afirma que la tradición occidental ha prestado poca atención a la mente no se trata de que hayan realizado pocos estudios en torno a la misma como objeto de investigación, sino que se ha prestado escasa atención a la misma como instrumento cognitivo y afectivo suscetible de mejora mediante un entrenamiento especial".
McLEOD GANJ EL CORAZON DE DHARAMSALA
Buddhism came to Tibet towards the year 650 and after the invasion many have come to what is known as the two Dharamshalas: one located on the side of the mountain and another higher up, is Mcleond Ganj named, "La pequeña Lhasa" the residence of the Dalai Lama in exile. Now they are in a place where there used to be English and now they are surrounded by an Indian army. An urban center that will not leave anyone indifferent and that in recent years has become a hectic shopping center. It is the heart of Buddhism with a large number of residences, object and antique shops and where different ethnic groups coexist in total harmony.
